U.S. General Services Administration
Understand common federal contracting terms: RFIs, RFQs, and RFPs
Introduction
If you’re new to federal contracting, you’ll likely see terms like RFI, RFQ, and RFP. These are different types of requests agencies use when buying products or services. Understanding the differences can help you respond appropriately and identify the right opportunities for your business.
1: What is a request for information, or RFI?
An RFI is used when an agency is gathering information.
Why agencies use RFIs:
- To understand what’s available in the market
- To explore possible solutions
- To gather input before creating a formal solicitation
What this means for you:
- This is not a contract opportunity yet
- You are not submitting a bid or proposal
- You can share information about your capabilities
Think of an RFI as: “We’re researching — tell us what you can do.”
2: What is a request for quotation, or RFQ?
An RFQ is used when an agency knows what it needs and is looking for pricing information.
Why agencies use RFQs:
- To compare pricing from vendors
- To purchase standard products or services
What this means for you:
- You submit a quote (pricing), not a full proposal
- Requirements are usually clearly defined
- Selection is often based on price and basic qualifications
Think of an RFQ as: “We know what we need — how much will it cost?”
3: What is a request for proposal, or RFP?
An RFP is used when an agency is seeking a complete solution.
Why agencies use RFPs:
- To evaluate different approaches
- To assess technical capability, experience, and pricing
What this means for you:
- You submit a detailed proposal
- You must explain how you will meet the requirements
- Evaluation is based on multiple factors, not just price
Think of an RFP as: “Show us your full plan and why you’re the best choice.”
4: Key differences at a glance
| Term | Purpose | What you submit | Stage |
|---|---|---|---|
| RFI | Market research | Information | Early |
| RFQ | Pricing | Quote | Mid |
| RFP | Full solution | Proposal | Final |
5: How to decide where to focus
- Respond to RFIs to build visibility and shape opportunities
- Respond to RFQs if you can meet the requirements and compete on price
- Respond to RFPs when you’re ready to submit a full, competitive proposal
Ready to find opportunities?
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